Irving Langmuir
Irving Langmuir (/ˈlæŋmjʊər/; January 31, 1881 – August 16, 1957) was an American chemist, physicist, and engineer. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1932 for his work in surface chemistry.
Irving Langmuir | |
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Langmuir in 1932 | |
| Born | January 31, 1881 Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Died | August 16, 1957 (aged 76) Woods Hole, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Columbia University University of Göttingen |
| Known for | Inventor of the high-vacuum tube Langmuir isotherm Langmuir waves |
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| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Chemistry, physics |
| Institutions | Stevens Institute of Technology General Electric |
| Thesis | Ueber partielle wiedervereinigung dissociierter gase im verlauf einer Abkühlung (1909) |
| Doctoral advisor | Friedrich Dolezalek |
| Other academic advisors | Walther Nernst |
Langmuir's most famous publication is the 1919 article "The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules" in which, building on Gilbert N. Lewis's cubical atom theory and Walther Kossel's chemical bonding theory, he outlined his "concentric theory of atomic structure". Langmuir became embroiled in a priority dispute with Lewis over this work; Langmuir's presentation skills were largely responsible for the popularization of the theory, although the credit for the theory itself belongs mostly to Lewis. While at General Electric from 1909 to 1950, Langmuir advanced several fields of physics and chemistry, inventing the gas-filled incandescent lamp and the hydrogen welding technique. The Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research near Socorro, New Mexico, was named in his honor, as was the American Chemical Society journal for surface science called Langmuir.