Irinotecan
Irinotecan, sold under the brand name Camptosar among others, is an anti-cancer medication used to treat colon cancer and small cell lung cancer. For colon cancer it is used either alone or with fluorouracil. For small cell lung cancer it is used with cisplatin. It is given intravenously.
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| Trade names | Camptosar, Campto, Onivyde, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a608043 |
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| Routes of administration | Intravenous |
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| Bioavailability | NA |
| Metabolism | Liver glucuronidation |
| Elimination half-life | 6 to 12 hours |
| Excretion | Bile duct and kidney |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.219.260 |
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| Formula | C33H38N4O6 |
| Molar mass | 586.689 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include diarrhea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, hair loss, shortness of breath, and fever. Other severe side effects include blood clots, colon inflammation, and allergic reactions. Those with two copies of the UGT1A1*28 gene variant are at higher risk for side effects. Use during pregnancy can result in harm to the baby. Irinotecan is a topoisomerase inhibitor—it blocks the topoisomerase I enzyme, resulting in DNA damage and cell death.
Irinotecan was approved for medical use in the United States in 1996. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is made from the natural compound camptothecin which is found in the Chinese ornamental tree Camptotheca acuminata.