Battle of Luzon

Battle of Luzon
	Part of the Philippines campaign (1944–1945) of World War II
	; A squad leader points out a suspected Japanese position at the edge of Balete Pass, near Baguio, where troops of the 25th Infantry Division are in fierce combat with Japanese forces. 23 March 1945.
Date	9 January 1945 – 15 August 1945
Location	Luzon, Philippines
Result	Allied victory
Territorial; changes	Allies liberate the Luzon island group
Belligerents
United States Commonwealth of the Philippines; Australia; Mexico;	Japan Second Philippine Republic;
Commanders and leaders
Douglas MacArthur; Walter Krueger; Sergio Osmeña; Basilio J. Valdes; Antonio Cárdenas Rodríguez;	Tomoyuki Yamashita; Akira Mutō; Shizuo Yokoyama;
Strength
United States; Sixth Army (9 January-30 June 1945) 146,119 authorized, 143,993 assigned (17 Jan); 247,085 authorized, 232,925 assigned (12 Feb); 187,022 authorized, 179,746 assigned (30 Jun); Total replacements 9 Jan-30 Jun: 51,940; Eighth Army (1 July-15 August 1945) 76,989 authorized, 72,922 actual (1 Jul); 83,210 authorized, 80,305 actual (15 Aug); Total replacements 1 Jul-15 Aug: 11,375; Fifth Air Force (During Sixth Army period) 550 fighters; 192 light bombers; 128 medium bombers; 192 heavy bombers; 66 reconnaissance; 166 Marine SBDs; 1,294 total (2/3 operable); Philippines; (under USAFFE) 59,723 (Sixth Army phase); 43,000 (Eighth Army phase);	Japan; (Including Naval personnel); US Post-battle Estimate 126,760 Mobile Combat; 35,580 Base Defense; 95,550 Service Troops; 257,890 Total (excludes ~13,000 laborers); Per US Army Official History 275,685 (includes 23,500 civilians);
Casualties and losses
United States Army Battle Casualties Total; 8,436 killed and missing; 32,129 wounded; Army Nonbattle Casualties Sixth Army:; 86,954 sick; 5 missing; 254 deaths; 6,209 injured; Eighth Army:; 6,443 total; Navy, Merchant, Shipboard 13 Dec. 1944-13 Jan. 1945; Includes Royal Australian Navy; 1,655 killed; 2,100 wounded; 24 ships sunk; 67 ships damaged; Philippines USAFIP (NL):; 1,441 killed; 84 missing; 3,475 wounded; Other guerrilla losses unknown; Mexico; 5 dead (non-combat);	Japan Battle/Nonbattle Casualties Total (US estimate); 192,561 dead; 9,656 captured; Equipment US estimate to 30 June 1945; 308 tanks; 51 armored vehicles; 2,022 motor vehicles; 955 artillery pieces; 686 AA guns and cannon; 1,196 mortars (837 50 mm and "knee mortars"); 600 aircraft (13 Dec. to 13 Jan. 1945); Interned after 20 August 1945 63,500+ survivors;

The Battle of Luzon (Tagalog: Labanan sa Luzon; Japanese: ルソン島の戦い; Spanish: Batalla de Luzón) was a land battle of the Pacific Theater of Operations of World War II by the Allied forces of the U.S., its colony the Philippines, and allies against forces of the Empire of Japan. The battle resulted in a U.S. and Filipino victory. The Allies had taken control of all strategically and economically important locations of Luzon by March 1945, although pockets of Japanese resistance held out in the mountains until the unconditional surrender of Japan. While not the highest in U.S. casualties, it is the highest net casualty battle U.S. forces fought in World War II, with 192,000 to 217,000 Japanese combatants dead (mostly from starvation and disease), 8,000 American combatants killed, and over 150,000 Filipinos, overwhelmingly civilians who were murdered by Japanese forces, mainly during the Manila massacre of February 1945.

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