Impetigo
Impetigo is a bacterial infection that involves the superficial skin. The most common presentation is yellowish crusts on the face, arms, or legs. Less commonly there may be large blisters which affect the groin or armpits. The lesions may be painful or itchy. Fever is uncommon.
| Impetigo | |
|---|---|
| Other names | School sores, impetigo contagiosa |
| A case of impetigo on the chin | |
| Pronunciation |
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| Specialty | Dermatology, infectious disease |
| Symptoms | Yellowish skin crusts, painful |
| Complications | Cellulitis, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis |
| Usual onset | Young children |
| Duration | Less than 3 weeks |
| Causes | Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes which spreads by direct contact |
| Risk factors | Day care, crowding, poor nutrition, diabetes mellitus, contact sports, breaks in the skin |
| Prevention | Hand washing, avoiding infected people, cleaning injuries |
| Treatment | Based on symptoms |
| Medication | Antibiotics (mupirocin, fusidic acid, cefalexin) |
| Frequency | 140 million (2010) |
It is typically due to either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Risk factors include attending day care, crowding, poor nutrition, diabetes mellitus, contact sports, and breaks in the skin such as from mosquito bites, eczema, scabies, or herpes. With contact it can spread around or between people. Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms and appearance.
Prevention is by hand washing, avoiding people who are infected, and cleaning injuries. Treatment is typically with antibiotic creams such as mupirocin or fusidic acid. Antibiotics by mouth, such as cefalexin, may be used if large areas are affected. Antibiotic-resistant forms have been found. Healing generally occurs without scarring.
Impetigo affected about 140 million people (2% of the world population) in 2010. It can occur at any age, but is most common in young children. In some places the condition is also known as "school sores". Without treatment people typically get better within three weeks. Recurring infections can occur due to colonization of the nose by the bacteria. Complications may include cellulitis or poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. The name is from the Latin impetere meaning "attack".