Ihud

Ihud (also spelled “Ichud”, Hebrew: איחוד, 'Unity') was a small binationalist Zionist political party founded by Judah Leon Magnes, Martin Buber, Ernst Simon and Henrietta Szold, former supporters of Brit Shalom, in 1942 as a binational response to the Biltmore Conference, which made the establishment of a Jewish Commonwealth in Palestine the policy of the Zionist movement. Other prominent members were David Werner Senator, Moshe Smilansky, agronomist Haim Margaliot-Kalvarisky (1868–1947), and Judge Joseph Moshe Valero.

Ihud advocated for an Arab-Jewish binational state rooted in equal political rights for Jews and Arabs in an undivided Palestine. Ihud termed this vision “political parity.” Furthermore, it argued that Jewish immigration should be regulated in accordance with the principle of “numerical parity” with the Arabs and the ability of Palestine to absorb immigrants economically. It proposed the creation of joint organs of government, and a division of the country into districts based on a communal basis.