Hydralazine

Hydralazine, sold under the brand name Apresoline among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. This includes high blood pressure in pregnancy and very high blood pressure resulting in symptoms. It has been found to be particularly useful in heart failure, together with isosorbide dinitrate, for treatment of people of African descent. It is given by mouth or by injection into a vein. Effects usually begin around 15 minutes and last up to six hours.

Not to be confused with hydrazine.

Hydralazine
Clinical data
Trade namesApresoline, BiDil, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682246
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
Routes of
administration		By mouth, intravenous
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • CA: ℞-only
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability26–50%
Protein binding85–90%
MetabolismLiver
Onset of action5 to 30 min
Elimination half-life2–8 hours, 7–16 hours (renal impairment)
Duration of action2 to 6 hrs
ExcretionUrine
Identifiers
  • 1-hydrazinylphthalazine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.001.528
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC8H8N4
Molar mass160.180 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
SMILES
  • NNc1c2ccccc2cnn1
  • InChI=1S/C8H8N4/c9-11-8-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)5-10-12-8/h1-5H,9H2,(H,11,12) Y
  • Key:RPTUSVTUFVMDQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  (verify)

Common side effects include headache and fast heart rate. It is not recommended in people with coronary artery disease or in those with rheumatic heart disease that affects the mitral valve. In those with kidney disease a low dose is recommended. Hydralazine is in the vasodilator family of medications, so it is believed to work by causing the dilation of blood vessels.

Hydralazine was discovered while scientists at Ciba were looking for a treatment for malaria. It was patented in 1949. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2021, it was the 106th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 6 million prescriptions.

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