Hodgkin cycle

In membrane biology, the Hodgkin cycle is a key component of membrane physiology that describes bioelectrical impulses, especially prevalent in neural and muscle tissues. It was identified by British physiologist and biophysicist Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin.

The Hodgkin cycle represents a positive feedback loop in which an initial membrane depolarization leads to uncontrolled deflection of the membrane potential to near V_Na. The initial depolarization must reach or surpass a certain threshold in order to activate voltage-gated Na⁺ channels. The opening of Na⁺ channels allows Na⁺ inflow, which, in turn, further depolarizes the membrane. Additional depolarization activates additional Na⁺ channels. This cycle leads to a very rapid rise in Na⁺ conductance (g_Na), which moves the membrane potential close to V_Na. The cycle is broken when the membrane potential reaches to the sodium equilibrium potential and potassium channels open to re-polarize the membrane potential. This positive feedback loop means that the closer these voltage-gated Na⁺ channels are to each other, the lower the threshold of activation.