High-functioning autism
High-functioning autism (HFA) was historically an autism classification where a person exhibits no intellectual disability, but may experience difficulty in communication, emotion recognition, expression, and social interaction.
| High-functioning autism | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Sukhareva syndrome |
| Specialty | Psychiatry |
| Symptoms | Trouble with social interaction, impaired communication, restricted interests, repetitive behavior |
| Complications | Social isolation, employment problems, family stress, bullying, self-harm |
| Usual onset | By age two or three |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Causes | Genetic and environmental factors |
| Diagnostic method | Based on behavior and developmental history |
| Differential diagnosis | Asperger syndrome, ADHD, Tourette syndrome, anxiety, bipolar disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder |
| Treatment | Behavioral therapy, speech therapy, psychotropic medication |
| Medication | Antipsychotics, antidepressants, stimulants (associated symptoms) |
HFA has never been included in either the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) or the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD), the two major classification and diagnostic guidelines for psychiatric conditions.
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