Hepatic lipase

LIPC
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	5NEN
Identifiers
Aliases	LIPC, HDLCQ12, HL, HTGL, LIPH, lipase C, hepatic type
External IDs	OMIM: 151670 MGI: 96216 HomoloGene: 199 GeneCards: LIPC
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 15 (human)
End	58,569,844 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (mouse)
End	70,859,508 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right lobe of liver; ; tibial nerve; ; monocyte; ; sural nerve; ; kidney; ; islet of Langerhans; ; Achilles tendon; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; gallbladder; ; prefrontal cortex;
	Top expressed in
	left lobe of liver; ; gallbladder; ; superior surface of tongue; ; femur; ; body of femur; ; yolk sac; ; calvaria; ; fossa; ; sexually immature organism; ; ankle joint;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	heparin binding; lipase activity; triglyceride lipase activity; phospholipase activity; carboxylic ester hydrolase activity; hydrolase activity; low-density lipoprotein particle binding; apolipoprotein binding; lipoprotein lipase activity;
Cellular component	endoplasmic reticulum lumen; extracellular region; high-density lipoprotein particle; extracellular space;
Biological process	phosphatidylcholine catabolic process; lipid metabolism; cholesterol transport; cholesterol metabolic process; intermediate-density lipoprotein particle remodeling; triglyceride catabolic process; lipid catabolic process; fatty acid biosynthetic process; cholesterol homeostasis; triglyceride homeostasis; reverse cholesterol transport; low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling; chylomicron remnant clearance; very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling; high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling; regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	3990
	15450
	ENSG00000166035
	ENSMUSG00000032207
	P11150
	P27656
	NM_000236
	NM_008280; NM_001324472; NM_001324473
	NP_000227
	NP_001311401; NP_001311402; NP_032306
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Hepatic lipase (HL), also called hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) or LIPC (for "lipase, hepatic"), is a form of lipase, catalyzing the hydrolysis of triacylglyceride. Hepatic lipase is coded by chromosome 15 and its gene is also often referred to as HTGL or LIPC. Hepatic lipase is expressed mainly in liver cells, known as hepatocytes, and endothelial cells of the liver. The hepatic lipase can either remain attached to the liver or can unbind from the liver endothelial cells and is free to enter the body's circulation system. When bound on the endothelial cells of the liver, it is often found bound to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), keeping HL inactive and unable to bind to HDL (high-density lipoprotein) or IDL (intermediate-density lipoprotein). When it is free in the bloodstream, however, it is found associated with HDL to maintain it inactive. This is because the triacylglycerides in HDL serve as a substrate, but the lipoprotein contains proteins around the triacylglycerides that can prevent the triacylglycerides from being broken down by HL.

One of the principal functions of hepatic lipase is to convert intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) to low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Hepatic lipase thus plays an important role in triglyceride level regulation in the blood by maintaining steady levels of IDL, HDL and LDL.

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