Heparin

Heparin
Clinical data
Pronunciation	/ˈhɛpərɪn/ HEP-ər-in
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
License data	US DailyMed: Heparin;
Pregnancy; category	AU: C;
Routes of; administration	Intravenous therapy, subcutaneous injection
ATC code	B01AB01 (WHO) C05BA03 (WHO) S01XA14 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); US: ℞-only; In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Erratic
Metabolism	Liver
Elimination half-life	1.5 hours
Excretion	Urine
Identifiers
	IUPAC name see Heparin structure;
CAS Number	9005-49-6 ; sodium: 9041-08-1 ;
PubChem CID	22833565;
IUPHAR/BPS	4214;
DrugBank	DB01109 ;
ChemSpider	17216115 ;
UNII	T2410KM04A;
KEGG	D02956; sodium: D02112;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL526514 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID20872761 DTXSID301010914, DTXSID20872761 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.698
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C12H19NO20S3
Molar mass	593.45 g·mol−1
	InChI InChI=1S/C26H41NO34S4/c1-4(28)27-7-9(30)8(29)6(2-52-63(43,44)45)53-24(7)56-15-10(31)11(32)25(58-19(15)21(36)37)55-13-5(3-62(40,41)42)14(60-64(46,47)48)26(59-22(13)38)57-16-12(33)17(61-65(49,50)51)23(39)54-18(16)20(34)35/h5-19,22-26,29-33,38-39H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,27,28)(H,34,35)(H,36,37)(H,40,41,42)(H,43,44,45)(H,46,47,48)(H,49,50,51)/t5-,6+,7+,8+,9+,10+,11+,12-,13-,14+,15-,16-,17+,18+,19-,22-,23?,24+,25+,26-/m0/s1 ; Key:ZFGMDIBRIDKWMY-PASTXAENSA-N ;
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Heparin, also known as unfractionated heparin (UFH), is a medication and naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan. Heparin is a blood anticoagulant that increases the activity of antithrombin. It is used in the treatment of heart attacks and unstable angina. It can be given intravenously or by injection under the skin. Its anticoagulant properties make it useful to prevent blood clotting in blood specimen test tubes and kidney dialysis machines.

Common side effects include bleeding, pain at the injection site, and low blood platelets. Serious side effects include heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Greater care is needed in those with poor kidney function.

Heparin is contraindicated for suspected cases of vaccine-induced pro-thrombotic immune thrombocytopenia (VIPIT) secondary to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, as heparin may further increase the risk of bleeding in an anti-PF4/heparin complex autoimmune manner, in favor of alternative anticoagulant medications (such as argatroban or danaparoid).

Heparin appears to be relatively safe for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Heparin is produced by basophils and mast cells in all mammals.

The discovery of heparin was announced in 1916. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. A fractionated version of heparin, known as low molecular weight heparin, is also available.

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