Health in Pakistan

Pakistan is the fifth most populous country in the world with population approaching 225 million. It is a developing country struggling in many domains due to which the health system has suffered a lot. As a result of that, Pakistan is ranked 122nd out of 190 countries in the World Health Organization performance report.

Life expectancy in Pakistan increased from 61.1 years in 1990 to 65.9 in 2019. Pakistan ranked 154th among 195 countries in terms of Healthcare Access and Quality index, according to a Lancet study. Although Pakistan has seen improvement in healthcare access and quality since 1990, with its HAQ index increasing from 26.8 in 1990 to 37.6 in 2016. It still stands at 164th out of 188 countries in terms of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and chance to achieve them by 2030.

According to latest statistics, Pakistan spends 2.95% of its GDP on health (2020). Pakistan per capita income (PPP current international $,) is 6.437.2 in 2022 and the current health expenditure per capita (current US$) is 38.18. The total adult literacy rate in Pakistan is 58% (2019) and primary school enrollment is 68%(2018). The gender inequality in Pakistan was 0.534 in 2021 and ranks the country 135 out of 170 countries in 2021. The proportion of population which has access to improved drinking water and sanitation is 91% (2015) and 64% (15) respectively.

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that Pakistan is fulfilling 69.2% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income. When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Pakistan achieves 82.9% of what is expected based on its current income. In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves 90.4% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income. Pakistan falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 34.4% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.

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