Haryana
Haryana (/hʌriˈɑːnə/; Hindi: [ɦəɾɪˈjɑːɳɑː]) is an Indian state located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 November 1966 on a linguistic basis. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with less than 1.4% (44,212 km2 or 17,070 sq mi) of India's land area. The state capital is Chandigarh, which it shares with the neighbouring state of Punjab; and the most populous city is Faridabad, which is a part of the National Capital Region. The city of Gurgaon is among India's largest financial and technology hubs. Haryana has 6 administrative divisions, 22 districts, 72 sub-divisions, 93 revenue tehsils, 50 sub-tehsils, 140 community development blocks, 154 cities and towns, 7,356 villages, and 6,222 villages panchayats.
Haryana | |
|---|---|
State | |
| State of Haryana | |
From top, left to right: Cyber City in Gurgaon, Pinjore Gardens, bronze chariot of Krishna and Arjuna at Kurukshetra, Asigarh Fort, Ghaggar river, Lake in Surajkund. | |
| Etymology: Abode of God or Green Forest | |
| Motto(s): Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) | |
Location of Haryana in India | |
| Coordinates: 30°44′N 76°47′E | |
| Country | India |
| Region | North India |
| Before was | Part of Punjab |
| Formation | 1 November 1966 |
| Capital | Chandigarh |
| Largest city | Faridabad |
| Districts | 22 (6 divisions) |
| Government | |
| • Body | Government of Haryana |
| • Governor | Bandaru Dattatreya |
| • Chief minister | Nayab Singh Saini (BJP) |
| • Deputy chief minister | Anil Vij (BJP) Bhavya Bishnoi (BJP) |
| State Legislature | Unicameral |
| • Assembly | Haryana Legislative Assembly (90 seats) |
| National Parliament | Parliament of India |
| • Rajya Sabha | 5 seats |
| • Lok Sabha | 10 seats |
| High Court | Punjab and Haryana High Court |
| Area | |
| • Total | 44,212 km2 (17,070 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 21st |
| Elevation | 200 m (700 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 1,499 m (4,918 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 169 m (554 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 25,351,462 |
| • Rank | 18th |
| • Density | 573/km2 (1,480/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 34.88% |
| • Rural | 65.12% |
| Demonym | Haryanvi |
| Language | |
| • Official | Hindi |
| • Additional official | English and Punjabi |
| • Official script | Devanagari script, Gurmukhi script |
| GDP | |
| • Total (2023–24) | ₹12.25 trillion (US$150 billion) |
| • Rank | 13th |
| • Per capita | ₹403,980 (US$5,100) (6th) |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-HR |
| Vehicle registration | HR |
| HDI (2019) | 0.708 High (12th) |
| Literacy (2011) | 75.55% (22nd) |
| Sex ratio (2021) | 926♀/1000 ♂ (29th) |
| Website | haryana |
| Symbols of Haryana | |
| Foundation day | Haryana Day |
| Bird | Black francolin |
| Flower | Lotus |
| Mammal | Blackbuck |
| Tree | Bodhi tree |
| State highway mark | |
| State highway of Haryana HR SH1 – HR SH33 | |
| List of Indian state symbols | |
| ^† Joint Capital with Punjab †† Common for Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh. | |
Haryana contains 32 special economic zones (SEZs), mainly located within the industrial corridor projects connecting the National Capital Region. Gurgaon is considered one of the major information technology and automobile hubs of India. Haryana ranks 11th among Indian states in human development index. The economy of Haryana is the 13th largest in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹7.65 trillion (US$96 billion) and has the country's 5th-highest GSDP per capita of ₹240,000 (US$3,000).
The state is rich in history, monuments, heritage, flora and fauna and tourism, with a well-developed economy, national highways and state roads. It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, by Rajasthan to the west and south, while river Yamuna forms its eastern border with Uttar Pradesh. Haryana surrounds the country's capital territory of Delhi on three sides (north, west and south), consequently, a large area of Haryana state is included in the economically important National Capital Region of India for the purposes of planning and development.