Haplogroup K2a (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup K2a (M2308, Z4842) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. K2a is a primary subclade of haplogroup K2 (M526), which in turn is a primary descendant of haplogroup K (M9). Its sole primary descendant is haplogroup K-M2313 (M2313, Z4858 S11799).
| Haplogroup K2a | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | approximately 47,000 years BP. (Based on the immediate ancestor K2 originating 47,000–55,000 BP, and the secondary descendant NO approximately 38,000 to 47,000 BP.) |
| Possible place of origin | Central Asia or Southeast Asia |
| Ancestor | K2 (M526) |
| Descendants | Sole primary subclade: K-M2313 (M2313); Confirmed secondary subclades:
|
| Defining mutations | M2308, Z4842 |
As of 2020, K-M2313 is known to have two primary subclades: Haplogroup NO1 (a.k.a. NO-M214), which has numerous members and the extremely rare K-Y28299, sometimes known as NO2.
Basal, undivergent K2a* (K-M2308*) has been found only in the remains of two Upper Paleolithic individuals, known as "Ust'-Ishim man and "Oase-1", who lived in Siberia and the Banat region of south-central Europe, respectively, about 37–45 ky BP. No examples of K-M2313* or NO1* (NO-M214*) have been identified in living males or remains. However, subclades of NO1 include a majority of living males in East Asia, Northern Eurasia and South East Asia. K-Y28299 has been found in three living individuals from India. Another two other living males, who have been documented as belonging to K-M2313(xM214), have not been tested for Y28299 (and therefore may belong to K-Y28299). These K-M2313(xM214) individuals have ethnic ties to South Asia and South East Asia respectively: a Telugu from India and an ethnic Malay from Singapore.