Haplogroup C-M48
Haplogroup C-M48 also known as C2b1a2 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
| Haplogroup C-M48 (C2b1a2) | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | 14,700 [95% CI 13,300 <-> 16,100] years before present 15,557 [95% CI 14,443 <-> 16,732] years before present |
| Coalescence age | 12,131 [95% CI 10,916 <-> 13,363] years before present 2,750 ± 1,370 years before present 3,500 [95% CI 300–19,700] years before present 3,800 [95% CI 3,100 <-> 4,600] years before present 5,940 ± 2,900 years (evolutionary mutation rate) or 1,630 ± 800 years (genealogical mutation rate) 10,800 ± 2,300 years ago or 9,300 ± 3,300 years ago |
| Possible place of origin | perhaps Mongolia or the Lake Baikal region |
| Ancestor | C-F1699 (C2b1) |
| Defining mutations | M48, M77, M86 |
| Highest frequencies | Oroqen 42%-68%, Evenks 44%-71%, Evenks 27%-70%, Udegey 60%, Negidal 20%-100%, Evens 5%-61%, Kazakhs 42%-63%, Itelmen 39%, Ulchi/Nanai 38%, Kalmyks 37%-45%, Nivkhs 35%, Ulchi 35%, Koryaks 33%, Yukaghir 23%, Mongols (Uriankhai 33%, Zakhchin 30%, Khalkh 15%, Khoton 10%), Dolgans 12%, Hezhe 11%, Tuvans 9% [6%-20%], Kyrgyz 7% [5%-12%] |
It is found frequently amongst members of Central Asian and Siberian peoples, such as the Evenks, Evens, Ulchi, Kazakhs, Koryaks, Mongols (especially Oirats, such as Kalmyks, Zakhchin, Uriankhai, and the population of northwest Mongolia in general), and Yukaghirs.
Haplogroup C-M48 also has been found occasionally in some ethnic groups outside its typical range in Siberia and Central Asia, such as Japanese (2/53 C-M86 Kyushu, 1/70 C-M86 Tokushima, 0/61 C-M86 Shizuoka, 0/45 C-M217 Okinawa, 0/26 C-M217 Aomori, 0/4 C-M86 Ainu), Tibetans (4/479 C-M48 Xizang, 0/52 C-M48 Qinghai), Bhutanese (1/21 C-M86/M77), Ossetians (1/21 C-M48 South Ossetians), Adyghe (1/154 C-M48), and Russians (1/406 C-M77), some of whom exhibit divergent Y-STR haplotypes.