Haplogroup B-M60
Haplogroup B (M60) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup common to paternal lineages in Africa. It is a primary branch of the haplogroup BT.
| Haplogroup B | |
|---|---|
The geographical concentrations of major haplogroups, including B (M60), in Africa. | |
| Possible time of origin | 100,000 years BP |
| Possible place of origin | Africa, region unknown |
| Ancestor | BT |
| Descendants | Primary: B1 (M236), B2 (M182), B3 (L1387); Subclades of the above include: B1a (M146); B2b (M112); B2a1a1a1 (M109) |
| Defining mutations | M60, M181/Page32, P85, P90, V62, V75, V78, V83, V84, V85, V90, V93, V94, V185, V197, V217, V227, V234, V237, and V44 |
| Highest frequencies | Baka 63% (Gabon & Cameroon) - 72% (CAR), Hadzabe (Tanzania) 52%-60%, Nuer (South Sudan) 50%, Mbuti (DRC) 33%-60%, Biaka (CAR) 35%-55%, Central Africa 32%, Tsumkwe San (Namibia) 31%, Khoisan 28%, Shilluk (South Sudan) 27%, Burunge (Tanzania) 25%, Dinka (South Sudan) 23%, Ngumba (Cameroon) 23%-33%, Eviya (Gabon) 21%, Fali (Cameroon) 18%, Sotho–Tswana (South Africa) 18%, Zulu (South Africa) 17%, Eshira (Gabon) 17%, Shake (Gabon) 16%, Hausa (Sudan) 16%, Sukuma (Tanzania) 16%, Bakola (Cameroon) 15%-36%, Copts (Sudan) 15%, Sudan 15%, Kunama (Eritrea) 15%, Tutsi (Rwanda) 15%, Sandawe (Tanzania) 15%, Uldeme (Cameroon) 5%-31%, Nuba (Sudan) 14%, Makina (Gabon) 14%, Southern Africa 13%, Mali 11%, Ewondo (Cameroon) 10%, Ethiopia 10%, Shona (Zimbabwe) 10% Qeshmi (Iran) 8,2%, Bandari (Iran) 2,3%, Hazara (Afghanistan) 5,1%, |
B (M60) is common in parts of Africa, especially the tropical forests of West-Central Africa. It was the ancestral haplogroup of not only modern Pygmies like the Baka and Mbuti, but also Hadzabe from Tanzania, who often have been considered, in large part because of some typological features of their language, to be a remnant of Khoisan people in East Africa.
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