Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is one of two potentially fatal syndromes of zoonotic origin caused by species of hantavirus. These include Black Creek Canal virus (BCCV), New York orthohantavirus (NYV), Monongahela virus (MGLV), Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV), and certain other members of hantavirus genera that are native to the United States and Canada.
| Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Four Corners disease |
| Progression of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome | |
| Specialty | Pulmonology |
| Symptoms | Fever, cough, shortness of breath, headaches, muscle pains, lethargy, nausea, diarrhea |
| Complications | Respiratory failure, cardiac failure |
| Causes | Hantaviruses spread by rodents |
| Differential diagnosis | Community acquired pneumonia, leptospirosis, tularemia, pneumonic plague |
| Prevention | Rodent control |
| Treatment | Supportive, including mechanical ventilation |
| Medication | None |
| Prognosis | Poor |
| Deaths | 36–40% mortality |
Specific rodents are the principal hosts of the hantaviruses including the hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) in southern Florida, which is the principal host of Black Creek Canal virus. The deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) in Canada and the Western United States is the principal host of Sin Nombre virus. The white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) in the eastern United States is the principal host of New York virus. In South America, the long-tailed mouse (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus) and other species of the genus Oligoryzomys have been documented as the reservoir for Andes virus.