Guru Tegh Bahadur
Guru Tegh Bahadur (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ (Gurmukhi); Punjabi pronunciation: [gʊɾuː t̯eːɣ bəɦaːd̯ʊɾᵊ]; 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) was the ninth of ten gurus who founded the Sikh religion and was the leader of Sikhs from 1665 until his beheading in 1675. He was born in Amritsar, Punjab, India in 1621 and was the youngest son of Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh guru. Considered a principled and fearless warrior, he was a learned spiritual scholar and a poet whose 115 hymns are included in the Guru Granth Sahib, which is the main text of Sikhism.
Guru Tegh Bahadur | |
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ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ | |
A mid-17th-century portrait of Guru Tegh Bahadur painted by Ahsan, the royal painter of Shaista Khan, governor of Bengal, circa 1668–69 | |
| Personal | |
| Born | Tyag Mal 1 April 1621 |
| Died | 11 November 1675 (aged 54) Delhi, Mughal Empire (present-day India) |
| Cause of death | Execution by decapitation |
| Religion | Sikhism |
| Spouse | Mata Gujri |
| Children | Guru Gobind Singh |
| Parent(s) | Guru Hargobind and Mata Nanaki |
| Known for |
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| Other names | Ninth Master Ninth Nanak Srisht-di-Chadar ("Shield of The World") Dharam-di-Chadar ("Shield of Dharma") Hind-di-Chadar ("Shield of India") |
| Signature | |
| Military service | |
| Battles/wars | Early Mughal-Sikh Wars Battle of Kartarpur (1635) Skirmish Of Dhubri (1669) |
| Religious career | |
| Period in office | 1664–1675 |
| Predecessor | Guru Har Krishan |
| Successor | Guru Gobind Singh |
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| Sikhism |
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Tegh Bahadur was executed on the orders of Aurangzeb, the sixth Mughal emperor, in Delhi, India. Sikh holy premises Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib and Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib in Delhi mark the places of execution and cremation of Guru Tegh Bahadur. His day of martyrdom (Shaheedi Divas) is commemorated in India every year on 24 November.