Guiyi Circuit

The Guiyi Circuit, also known as the Guiyi Army (Chinese: 歸義軍; pinyin: Guīyì Jūn; Wade–Giles: Kui¹-i⁴ Chün¹; lit. 'Returning-to-Righteousness Army', 848–1036 AD), Golden Mountain Kingdom of Western Han (西漢金山國; Xīhàn Jīnshān guó; Hsi-han Chin-shan kuo, 909–911), Dunhuang Kingdom of Western Han (西漢敦煌國; Xīhàn Dūnhuáng guó; Hsi-han Tun-huang kuo, 911–914), was a Chinese regional military command and later an autonomous dynastic regime nominally subordinate to the Tang dynasty, the Five Dynasties, and the Northern Song dynasty. The Guiyi Circuit was controlled by the Zhang family from the second half of the 9th century to the 10th century and then the Cao family until the 11th century. The Guiyi Circuit was headquartered in Shazhou (沙州; modern-day Dunhuang).