Golden Square (Iraq)
The Golden Square (Arabic: المربع الذهبي, al-Murabbaʿ al-dhahabī) or Four Colonels (Arabic: العقداء الأربعة, al-ʿiqdā' al-arbaʿa) was a cabal of pro-fascist and pro-Nazi army officers of the Iraqi armed forces who played a part in Iraqi politics throughout the 1930s and early 1940s. They conspired to overthrow the Hashemite monarchy in Iraq and expel the British presence in Iraq. The activities of the Golden Square culminated in supporting Rashid Ali al-Gaylani in his overthrow of government in 1941, briefly instituting the Golden Square National Defense Government. However, the Anglo-Iraqi War resulted in the disbandment of the Golden Square.
| Golden Square | |
|---|---|
| المربع الذهبي | |
| Leader | Salah al-Din al-Sabbagh Kamil Shabib Fahmi Said Mahmud Salman |
| Dates of operation | 1930–1941 |
| Country | Iraq |
| Motives | Overthrow of the Kingdom of Iraq |
| Headquarters | Baghdad |
| Ideology | Arab nationalism Fascism Nazism |
| Political position | Far-right |
| Notable attacks | 1941 Iraqi coup d'état |
| Part of | Axis Powers |
| Allies | National Brotherhood Party Nazi Germany Fascist Italy |
| Opponents | British Empire Hashemites |
| Battles and wars | Anglo-Iraqi War |
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