Glial fibrillary acidic protein

GFAP
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	6A9P
Identifiers
Aliases	GFAP, ALXDRD, glial fibrillary acidic protein
External IDs	OMIM: 137780 MGI: 95697 HomoloGene: 1554 GeneCards: GFAP
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (human)
End	44,916,937 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)
End	102,791,738 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	inferior olivary nucleus; ; ventral tegmental area; ; external globus pallidus; ; superior vestibular nucleus; ; optic nerve; ; subthalamic nucleus; ; hypothalamus; ; internal globus pallidus; ; inferior ganglion of vagus nerve; ; olfactory bulb;
	Top expressed in
	optic nerve; ; pontine nuclei; ; supraoptic nucleus; ; ganglion cell layer; ; median eminence; ; superior colliculus; ; habenula; ; globus pallidus; ; substantia nigra; ; mammillary body;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	structural molecule activity; protein binding; identical protein binding; integrin binding; structural constituent of cytoskeleton; kinase binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; cytosol; lysosome; intermediate filament; intracellular anatomical structure; membrane; cell projection; myelin sheath; cell body; glial cell projection; astrocyte projection; astrocyte end-foot; cytoplasmic side of lysosomal membrane; cytoskeleton;
Biological process	regulation of protein-containing complex assembly; response to wounding; positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation; negative regulation of neuron projection development; astrocyte development; extracellular matrix organization; neuron projection regeneration; intermediate filament-based process; regulation of neurotransmitter uptake; Bergmann glial cell differentiation; positive regulation of glial cell proliferation; long-term potentiation; regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy; intermediate filament organization;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2670
	14580
	ENSG00000131095
	ENSMUSG00000020932
	P14136
	P03995
	NM_002055; NM_001131019; NM_001242376; NM_001363846
	NM_001131020; NM_010277
	NP_001124491; NP_001229305; NP_002046; NP_001350775
	NP_001124492; NP_034407
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a protein that is encoded by the GFAP gene in humans. It is a type III intermediate filament (IF) protein that is expressed by numerous cell types of the central nervous system (CNS), including astrocytes and ependymal cells during development. GFAP has also been found to be expressed in glomeruli and peritubular fibroblasts taken from rat kidneys, Leydig cells of the testis in both hamsters and humans, human keratinocytes, human osteocytes and chondrocytes and stellate cells of the pancreas and liver in rats.

GFAP is closely related to the other three non-epithelial type III IF family members, vimentin, desmin and peripherin, which are all involved in the structure and function of the cell's cytoskeleton. GFAP is thought to help to maintain astrocyte mechanical strength as well as the shape of cells, but its exact function remains poorly understood, despite the number of studies using it as a cell marker. The protein was named and first isolated and characterized by Lawrence F. Eng in 1969. In humans, it is located on the long arm of chromosome 17.

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