Ghaznavid campaigns in India

Ghaznavid campaigns in India
	Part of Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
	; Map of Ghaznavid empire and its campaign areas.
Date	10th and 11th centuries,
Location	Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India
Result	Ghaznavid victory
Belligerents
Ghaznavid empire	Qarmatians; Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty; Chaulukya dynasty; Rashtrakutas of Kannauj; Gahadavala Dynasty; Kachchhapaghata dynasty; Lawik dynasty; Hindu Shahis; Rajput confederacy; Jatts; Chandelas; Lodi dynasty of Multan; Habbari dynasty; Tomara dynasty; Lohara dynasty; Kingdom of Bhatia; Kingdom of Narayana; Kingdom of Bulandshahr; Kingdom of Mahaban; Kingdom of Asi; Kingdom of Sirsawa
Commanders and leaders
Sabuktigin; Mahmud of Ghazni; Mawdud of Ghazni; Masʽud I of Ghazni; Bahram Shah ; Khusrau Shah; Ahmad Niyaltigin; Hejim-ud-din †; Hajib Taghatigin; Imad-uddaulah; Baguli Shah; Salar Hussain	Jayapala (POW); Abu Ali Lawik †; Fateh Daud ; Bhima I; Vidyadhara; Prithviraja I; Ajayaraja II; Arnoraja; Khafif †; Kirthiraja ; Rajyapala ; Biji Rai (POW); Sukhapala (POW); Anandapala ; King Narayan; Rama of Dera; Trilochanapala †; King Hardat; Kulchand of Mahaban; Chand Rai of Sirsawa (POW); Candrapala Bhur; Gopala ; Madanapala (POW); Bhimapala †; Ganda ; Nanda (POW)
Casualties and losses
	2 million killed during Mahmud of Ghazni's invasions.; 200,000 captured as slaves.

The Ghaznavid campaigns in India refer to a series of military expeditions lasting 54 years (973–1027) launched by the Ghaznavid Empire, a prominent empire of the 10th and 11th centuries, into the Indian subcontinent, led primarily by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni (r. 998–1030), leaving a profound impact on the region's history and culture.

Beginning in the late 10th century, these incursions marked a significant chapter in the history of South Asia, with Ghaznavid forces penetrating deep into the Indian subcontinent, including the Punjab region and northern India. The primary objectives of these campaigns included the acquisition of wealth, the propagation of Islam, and the establishment of Ghaznavid rule in the region.

By the end of the tenth century, the Ghaznavid ruler Sabuktigin captured the region between Laghman and Peshawar from the Hindu Shahi ruler Jayapala. This laid the foundation for the Ghaznavids to establish their dominance over parts of present-day Afghanistan and northern India. The Ghaznavid campaigns in India serve as a crucial historical backdrop to the later Islamic empires that would shape the subcontinent's destiny.

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