German submarine U-20 (1936)

	U-9, a typical Type IIB boat
History
Nazi Germany
Name	U-20
Ordered	2 February 1935
Builder	Germaniawerft, Kiel; Galați shipyard, Romania;
Yard number	550
Laid down	1 August 1935
Launched	14 January 1936
Commissioned	1 February 1936
Fate	Scuttled 11 September 1944, off the coast of Turkey in the Black Sea
General characteristics
Class and type	Type IIB coastal submarine
Displacement	279 t (275 long tons) surfaced; 328 t (323 long tons) submerged;
Length	42.70 m (140 ft 1 in) o/a; 27.80 m (91 ft 2 in) pressure hull;
Beam	4.08 m (13 ft 5 in) (o/a); 4.00 m (13 ft 1 in) (pressure hull);
Height	8.60 m (28 ft 3 in)
Draught	3.90 m (12 ft 10 in)
Installed power	700 PS (510 kW; 690 bhp) (diesels); 410 PS (300 kW; 400 shp) (electric);
Propulsion	2 shafts; 2 × diesel engines; 2 × electric motors;
Speed	13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) surfaced; 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph) submerged;
Range	1,800 nmi (3,300 km; 2,100 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) surfaced; 35–43 nmi (65–80 km; 40–49 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged;
Test depth	80 m (260 ft)
Complement	3 officers, 22 men
Armament	3 × 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes; 5 × torpedoes or up to 12 TMA or 18 TMB mines; 1 × 2 cm (0.79 in) anti-aircraft gun;
Service record
Part of:	3rd U-boat Flotilla; 1 February – 1 August 1939 ; 1 September – 31 December 1939; 1st U-boat Flotilla; 1 January – 30 April 1940; 1st U-boat Training Flotilla; 1 May – 30 June 1940; 21st U-boat Flotilla; 1 July 1940 – 26 August 1942; 30th U-boat Flotilla; 27 May 1943 – 10 September 1944;
Identification codes:	M 29 241
Commanders:	Kptlt. Hans Eckermann; 1 February 1936 – 30 September 1937; Oblt.z.S. / Kptlt. Karl-Heinz Moehle; 1 October 1937 – 17 January 1940; Kptlt. Harro von Klot-Heydenfeldt; 17 January – 15 April 1940; Oblt.z.S. Heinrich Driver; 2 – 15 April 1940; Oblt.z.S. Hans-Jürgen Zetzsche; 16 April – 7 June 1940; Oblt.z.S. Ottokar Arnold Paulshen; 8 June 1940 – 5 January 1941; Kptlt. Herbert Schauenburg; 6 January – 19 May 1941; Oblt.z.S. Wolfgang Sträter; 20 May – 4 December 1941; Oblt.z.S. Kurt Nölke; 5 December 1941 – 27 March 1942; Oblt.z.S. / Kptlt. Clemens Schöler; 7 May – 26 August 1942 ; 27 May – 31 October 1943; Oblt.z.S. Karl Grafen; 1 November 1943 – 10 September 1944;
Operations:	16 patrols:; 1st patrol:; a. 24 – 31 August 1939; b. 1 – 20 September 1939; 2nd patrol:; a. 29 September – 17 October 1939; b. 6 – 7 November 1939; 3rd patrol:; 18 – 24 November 1939; 4th patrol:; 7 – 13 December 1939; 5th patrol:; 6 – 16 January 1940; 6th patrol:; a. 21 January 1940; b. 23 – 31 January 1940; c. 4 February 1940; 7th patrol:; 27 February – 4 March 1940; 8th patrol:; a. 14 – 20 March 1940; b. 21 – 22 March 1940 ; 9th patrol:; 22 – 29 June 1943; 10th patrol:; 11 July – 7 August 1943; 11th patrol:; a. 16 – 22 September 1943; b. 24 September – 12 October 1943; 12th patrol:; 8 November – 9 December 1943; 13th patrol:; 1 – 26 January 1944; 14th patrol:; a. 22 February – 1 March 1944; b. 2 – 27 March 1944; 15th patrol:; 11 June – 11 July 1944; 16th patrol:; 19 August – 10 September 1944;
Victories:	12 merchant ships sunk ; (30,058 GRT); 1 warship sunk ; (9 tons); 2 merchant ships total loss ; (8,446 GRT); 1 merchant ship damaged ; (1,846 GRT);

German submarine U-20 was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Her keel was laid down on 1 August 1935, by Germaniawerft of Kiel as yard number 550. She was commissioned on 1 February 1936. During World War II, she conducted operations against enemy shipping.

U-20 went on 16 war patrols, sinking 13 ships totalling 30,058 GRT and 9 tons , damaging one more of 1,846 GRT.

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