George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville
George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville, PC (26 January 1716 – 26 August 1785), styled The Honourable George Sackville until 1720, Lord George Sackville from 1720 to 1770 and Lord George Germain from 1770 to 1782, was a British soldier and politician who served as Secretary of State for the American Department in Lord North's cabinet during the American War of Independence.
The Right Honourable The Viscount Sackville PC | |
---|---|
Secretary of State for the Colonies | |
In office 10 November 1775 – February 1782 | |
Monarch | George III |
Prime Minister | Lord North |
Preceded by | The Earl of Dartmouth |
Succeeded by | Welbore Ellis |
First Lord of Trade | |
In office 10 November 1775 – 6 November 1779 | |
Monarch | George III |
Prime Minister | Lord North |
Preceded by | The Earl of Dartmouth |
Succeeded by | The Earl of Carlisle |
Personal details | |
Born | George Sackville 26 January 1716 |
Died | 26 August 1785 69) Stoneland Lodge, Sussex | (aged
Nationality | British |
Political party | Tory (Northite) |
Spouse |
Diana Sambrooke
(m. 1754; died 1778) |
Children | 5, including Charles |
Parent(s) | Lionel Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset Elizabeth Colyear |
Alma mater | Trinity College, Dublin |
His ministry received much of the blame for Britain's loss of thirteen American colonies. His issuance of detailed instructions in military matters, coupled with his failure to understand either the geography of the American colonies or the determination of their colonists, may justify that conclusion. He had two careers, a military career, in which he rose to the rank of Major-General, and a political career, in which he rose to the rank of Secretary of State for the Colonies. His military career had distinction, but ended with his court martial. Sackville served in the British Army in the War of the Austrian Succession of 1740–1748 and in the Seven Years' War of 1756–1763, including at the decisive Battle of Minden. His political career ended with the fall of the North government in March 1782.