Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
Names
	IUPAC name 2,6-Di-O-phosphono-β-D-fructofuranose
Identifiers
CAS Number	79082-92-1 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:28602 ;
ChemSpider	94762 ;
MeSH	fructose+2,6-bisphosphate
PubChem CID	105021;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID90897603 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H14O12P2/c7-2-6(18-20(13,14)15)5(9)4(8)3(17-6)1-16-19(10,11)12/h3-5,7-9H,1-2H2,(H2,10,11,12)(H2,13,14,15)/t3-,4-,5+,6+/m1/s1 Key: YXWOAJXNVLXPMU-ZXXMMSQZSA-N ;
	SMILES C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@](O1)(CO)OP(=O)(O)O)O)O)OP(=O)(O)O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C6H14O12P2
Molar mass	340.114 g·mol−1
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, abbreviated Fru-2,6-P₂, is a metabolite that allosterically affects the activity of the enzymes phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1) and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-1) to regulate glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Fru-2,6-P₂ itself is synthesized and broken down in either direction by the integrated bifunctional enzyme phosphofructokinase 2 (PFK-2/FBPase-2), which also contains a phosphatase domain and is also known as fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. Whether the kinase and phosphatase domains of PFK-2/FBPase-2 are active or inactive depends on the phosphorylation state of the enzyme.

Fructose-6-p-phosphate is phosphorylated by the kinase domain of PFK-2/FBPase-2 to Fru-2,6-P₂ when PFK-2/FBPase-2 is active in a dephosphorylated state. This dephosphorylated state is favored by high levels of insulin, which activates the phosphatase domain.

The synthesis of Fru-2,6-P₂ is performed through a bifunctional enzyme containing both PFK-2 and FBPase-2, which is dephosphorylated, allowing the PFK-2 portion to phosphorylate fructose 6-phosphate using ATP. The breakdown of Fru-2,6-P₂ is catalyzed by the phosphorylation of the bifunctional enzyme, which allows FBPase-2 to dephosphorylate fructose 2,6-bisphosphate to produce fructose 6-phosphate and P_i.

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