Fludarabine

Fludarabine is a purine analogue and antineoplastic agent. It is generally used as its 5-O-phosphorylated form known as fludarabine phosphate, sold under the brand name Fludara among others. It is a chemotherapy medication used in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. These include chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and acute lymphocytic leukemia. It is given by injection into a vein or by mouth.

Fludarabine
Clinical data
Trade namesFludara, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa692003
Routes of
administration		Intravenous, by mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • CA: ℞-only
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: WARNINGRx-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability55%
Protein binding19 to 29%
Elimination half-life20 hours
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-2-fluoropurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.123.703
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC10H12FN5O4
Molar mass285.235 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
SMILES
  • Fc1nc(c2ncn(c2n1)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O)CO)N
  • InChI=1S/C10H12FN5O4/c11-10-14-7(12)4-8(15-10)16(2-13-4)9-6(19)5(18)3(1-17)20-9/h2-3,5-6,9,17-19H,1H2,(H2,12,14,15)/t3-,5-,6+,9-/m1/s1 Y
  • Key:HBUBKKRHXORPQB-FJFJXFQQSA-N Y
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, fever, rash, shortness of breath, numbness, vision changes, and feeling tired. Severe side effects include brain dysfunction, low blood cell counts, and lung inflammation. Use in pregnancy will likely result in harm to the fetus. Fludarabine is in the purine analog family of medications and works by interfering with the duplication of DNA.

Fludarabine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1991. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

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