Fluconazole
Fluconazole is an antifungal medication used for a number of fungal infections. This includes candidiasis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, dermatophytosis, and tinea versicolor. It is also used to prevent candidiasis in those who are at high risk such as following organ transplantation, low birth weight babies, and those with low blood neutrophil counts. It is given either by mouth or by injection into a vein.
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| Trade names | Diflucan, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a690002 |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous, topical |
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| Bioavailability | >90% (oral) |
| Protein binding | 11–12% |
| Metabolism | Liver 11% |
| Elimination half-life | 30 hours (range 20–50 hours) |
| Excretion | Kidney 61–88% |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.156.133 |
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| Formula | C13H12F2N6O |
| Molar mass | 306.277 g·mol−1 |
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| Melting point | 139 °C (282 °F) |
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Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and increased liver enzymes. Serious side effects may include liver problems, QT prolongation, and seizures. During pregnancy it may increase the risk of miscarriage while large doses may cause birth defects. Fluconazole is in the azole antifungal family of medication. It is believed to work by affecting the fungal cellular membrane.
Fluconazole was patented in 1981 and came into commercial use in 1988. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Fluconazole is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 165th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions.