Ethylene
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C2H4 or H2C=CH2. It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds).
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| Names | |||
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| IUPAC name
Ethene | |||
| Preferred IUPAC name
Ethene | |||
| Other names
R-1150 | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| 1730731 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.742 | ||
| EC Number |
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| 214 | |||
| KEGG | |||
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1962 1038 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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SMILES
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| Properties | |||
| C 2H 4 | |||
| Molar mass | 28.054 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | colourless gas | ||
| Density | 1.178 kg/m3 at 15 °C, gas | ||
| Melting point | −169.2 °C (−272.6 °F; 104.0 K) | ||
| Boiling point | −103.7 °C (−154.7 °F; 169.5 K) | ||
| 0.131 mg/mL (25 °C); 2.9 mg/L | |||
| Solubility in ethanol | 4.22 mg/L | ||
| Solubility in diethyl ether | good | ||
| Acidity (pKa) | 44 | ||
| Conjugate acid | Ethenium | ||
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) |
-15.30·10−6 cm3/mol | ||
| Viscosity | 10.28 μPa·s | ||
| Structure | |||
Molecular shape |
D2h | ||
| zero | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
219.32 J·K−1·mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
+52.47 kJ/mol | ||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Danger | |||
| H220, H336 | |||
| P210, P261, P271, P304+P340, P312, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) |
2
4
2 | ||
| Flash point | −136 °C (−213 °F; 137 K) | ||
| 542.8 °C (1,009.0 °F; 815.9 K) | |||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 0475 | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related compounds |
Ethane Acetylene Propene | ||
| Supplementary data page | |||
| Ethylene (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |||
Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 150 million tonnes in 2016) exceeds that of any other organic compound. Much of this production goes toward creating polythene, which is a widely used plastic containing polymer chains of ethylene units in various chain lengths. Production emits greenhouse gases, including methane from feedstock production and carbon dioxide from any non-sustainable energy used.
Ethylene is also an important natural plant hormone and is used in agriculture to induce ripening of fruits. The hydrate of ethylene is ethanol.