Ethyl formate

Ethyl formate is an ester formed when ethanol (an alcohol) reacts with formic acid (a carboxylic acid). Ethyl formate has the characteristic smell of rum and is partially responsible for the flavor of raspberries, occurring naturally in some plant oils, fruits, and juices. Ethyl formate does not occur naturally in the animal kingdom.

Ethyl formate
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Ethyl formate
Systematic IUPAC name
Ethyl methanoate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
906769
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.384
EC Number
  • 203-721-0
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • LQ8400000
UNII
UN number 1190
  • InChI=1S/C3H6O2/c1-2-5-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3 Y
    Key: WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  • InChI=1/C3H6O2/c1-2-5-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3
    Key: WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYAO
SMILES
  • O=COCC
Properties
C3H6O2
Molar mass 74.079 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor fruity
Density 0.917 g/cm3
Melting point −80 °C; −112 °F; 193 K
Boiling point 54.0 °C (129.2 °F; 327.1 K)
9% (17.78°C)
Vapor pressure 200 mmHg (20°C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
 -43.00·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
Flash point −20 °C; −4 °F; 253 K
Explosive limits 2.8% - 16.0%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 1850 mg/kg (rat, oral)
1110 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral)
2075 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
LCLo (lowest published)
 10,000 ppm (cat, 1.5 hr)
8000 ppm (rat, 4 hr)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 1500 ppm
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
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