Espírito Santo
Espírito Santo (also known by its official abbreviation ES) (Portuguese: [(i)sˈpiɾitu ˈsɐ̃tu] ⓘ; lit. 'Holy Spirit') is a state in southeastern Brazil. Its capital is Vitória, and its largest city is Serra. With an extensive coastline, the state hosts some of the country's main ports, and its beaches are significant tourist attractions.
Espírito Santo | |
|---|---|
| Estado do Espírito Santo State of Espírito Santo | |
|
Coat of arms | |
| Motto(s): Trabalha e Confia (Portuguese) "Work and trust" | |
| Anthem: Hino do Espírito Santo | |
| Coordinates: 20°16′S 40°17′W | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Granted as Captaincy of Espírito Santo | 23 May 1535 |
| Capital | Vitória |
| Largest city | Serra |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Renato Casagrande (PSB) |
| • Vice Governor | Ricardo Ferraço (PSDB) |
| • Senators | Fabiano Contarato (PT) Magno Malta (PL) Marcos do Val (PODE) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 46,077.5 km2 (17,790.6 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 23rd |
| Population (2007) | |
| • Total | 3,514,952 |
| • Estimate ({{{pop_est_as_of}}}) | 3,833,712 |
| • Rank | 15th |
| • Density | 76/km2 (200/sq mi) |
| • Rank | 7th |
| Demonym(s) | capixaba, espiritossantense or espirito-santense |
| GDP | |
| • Total | R$ 186.337 billion (US$ 34.566 billion) |
| HDI | |
| • Year | 2021 |
| • Category | 0.771 – high (5th) |
| Time zone | UTC– 03:00 (BRT) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC– 02:00 (BRST) |
| Postal Code | 29000-000 to 29990-000 |
| ISO 3166 code | BR-ES |
| Website | es.gov.br |
The capital, Vitória, is located on an island, which borders the municipalities of Vila Velha, Cariacica and Serra. These municipalities plus the outer cities of Fundão and Guarapari constitute the state's main metro area. In the northern extremes of Espírito Santo is Itaúnas, in the municipality of Conceição da Barra, which is a tourist location known for its sand dunes and forró tradition.
The Captaincy of Espírito Santo was carved out of the Captaincy of Bahia in the 18th century, during the colonial rule of Brazil, and named after a 16th-century captaincy covering roughly the same area of coast. Following the elevation of Brazil to a constituent kingdom of United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves in 1815, prompted by the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil, Espírito Santo was elevated to a province. After the independence of Brazil in 1822, it became a province of the newly established Empire of Brazil, and after Brazil became a republic in 1889, it was granted statehood. In the early 20th century, its current state symbols were adopted.