Electron quadruplets

The formation of electron quadruplets or charge-4e superconductivity is a proposed state of matter in which Cooper pairs do not exhibit long-range order, but electron quadruplets do. This "quartic metal" phase is related to but distinct from those superconductors explained by the standard BCS theory; rather than expelling magnetic field lines as in the Meissner effect, it generates them, a spontaneous Nernst effect that indicates the breaking of time-reversal symmetry. After the theoretical possibility was raised, observations consistent with electron quadrupling were published using hole-doped Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂ in 2021.

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