El Chichón
El Chichón, also known as Chichonal, is an active volcano in Francisco León, north-western Chiapas, Mexico. El Chichón is part of a geologic zone known as the Chiapanecan Volcanic Arc. El Chichón is a complex of domes with a tuff ring, made of ejected volcanic material, located between the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and the Central America Volcanic Arc. El Chichón erupted in 1982; prior to this, activity had not occurred since c.1360, although debates in literature occur around an eruption occurring in c.1850.
| El Chichón | |
|---|---|
Aerial view on 4 November 1982, seven months after the eruption | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | ~ 1,205 metres (3,953 ft) |
| Coordinates | 17°21′36″N 93°13′40″W |
| Geography | |
El Chichón Francisco León, Chiapas, Mexico | |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | 220,000 yr |
| Mountain type | Lava domes |
| Volcanic arc/belt | Chiapanecan Volcanic Arc |
| Last eruption | March to September 1982 |
El Chichón became famous for its 1982 eruption. In little under a week, the presumed dormant volcano produced three plinian eruptions (March 29, April 3, and April 4). The eruptions released a substantial amount of sulfur dioxide and particulates into the atmosphere. While the total volume of the eruption was much smaller than the famous eruption of Pinatubo in 1991, El Chichón's impacts were equally significant on global climate. El Chichón is often overlooked in comparison to other historic eruptions, yet the 1982 eruptions provide important lessons on preparation for volcanic disasters and the influence volcanoes can have on climate.