António Egas Moniz
António Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz GCSE GCIB (29 November 1874 – 13 December 1955), known as Egas Moniz (Portuguese: [ˈɛɣɐʒ muˈniʃ]), was a Portuguese neurologist and the developer of cerebral angiography. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern psychosurgery, having developed the surgical procedure leucotomy—better known today as lobotomy—for which he became the first Portuguese national to receive a Nobel Prize in 1949 (shared with Walter Rudolf Hess).
António Egas Moniz GCSE GCIB | |
|---|---|
| Born | António Caetano de Abreu Freire de Resende 29 November 1874 Avanca, Estarreja, Portugal |
| Died | 13 December 1955 (aged 81) Lisbon, Portugal |
| Alma mater | University of Coimbra |
| Known for |
|
| Spouse |
Elvira de Macedo Dias
(m. 1901; died 1945) |
| Awards | Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1949 |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Neurologist |
| Institutions | University of Coimbra (1902); University of Lisbon (1921–1944) |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 8 October 1918 – 30 March 1919 | |
| Prime Minister | Sidónio Pais (de facto) João do Canto e Castro (acting) João Tamagnini Barbosa José Relvas |
| Preceded by | Joaquim do Espírito Santo Lima |
| Succeeded by | Rodolfo Xavier da Silva |
| Ambassador of Portugal to Spain | |
| In office 4 March 1918 – 10 October 1918 | |
| Nominated by | Sidónio Pais |
| Preceded by | Augusto de Vasconcelos |
| Succeeded by | Manuel Teixeira Gomes |
He held academic positions, wrote many medical articles and also served in several legislative and diplomatic posts in the Portuguese government. In 1911, he became professor of neurology in Lisbon until his retirement in 1944.
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