Eflornithine

Eflornithine
Clinical data
Trade names	Vaniqa, Iwilfin, others
Other names	α-difluoromethylornithine or DFMO
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
License data	US DailyMed: Eflornithine;
Routes of; administration	intravenous, topical
ATC code	D11AX16 (WHO) P01CX03 (WHO), L01XX79 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only; In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	100% (Intravenous); Negligible (topical)
Metabolism	Not metabolized
Elimination half-life	8 hours
Excretion	Kidney
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (RS)-2,5-Diamino-2-(difluoromethyl)pentanoic acid;
CAS Number	70052-12-9 ;
PubChem CID	3009;
IUPHAR/BPS	5176;
DrugBank	DB06243 ;
ChemSpider	2902 ;
UNII	ZQN1G5V6SR;
KEGG	D07883 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:41948 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL830 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3020467 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C6H12F2N2O2
Molar mass	182.171 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES FC(F)C(N)(C(=O)O)CCCN;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H12F2N2O2/c7-4(8)6(10,5(11)12)2-1-3-9/h4H,1-3,9-10H2,(H,11,12) ; Key:VLCYCQAOQCDTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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Eflornithine, sold under the brand name Vaniqa among others, is a medication used to treat African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and excessive hair growth on the face in women. Specifically it is used for the second stage of sleeping sickness caused by T. b. gambiense and may be used with nifurtimox. It is taken intravenously (injection into a vein) or topically. It is an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor.

Common side effects when applied as a cream include rash, redness, and burning. Side effects of the injectable form include bone marrow suppression, vomiting, and seizures. It is unclear if it is safe to use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is recommended typically for children over the age of 12.

Eflornithine was developed in the 1970s and came into medical use in 1990. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In the United States the injectable form can be obtained from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In regions of the world where the disease is common eflornithine is provided for free by the World Health Organization.

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