Duchy of Luxembourg
The Duchy of Luxembourg (Dutch: Luxemburg; French: Luxembourg; German: Luxemburg; Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, the ancestral homeland of the noble House of Luxembourg. The House of Luxembourg became one of the most important political forces in the 14th century, competing against the House of Habsburg for supremacy in Central Europe. They would be the heirs to the Přemyslid dynasty in the Kingdom of Bohemia, succeeding the Kingdom of Hungary and contributing four Holy Roman Emperors until their own line of male heirs came to an end and the House of Habsburg received the territories that the two Houses had originally agreed upon in the Treaty of Brünn in 1364.
Duchy of Luxembourg | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1353–1443/1797 | |||||||||||||
Luxembourg within the Low Countries, 1350 | |||||||||||||
| Status | State of the Holy Roman Empire Part of the Burgundian Netherlands (1443–1482) Part of the Habsburg Netherlands (1482–1581) Part of the Spanish Netherlands (1581–1714) Part of the Austrian Netherlands (1714–1795) | ||||||||||||
| Capital | Luxembourg | ||||||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||||||||||
| Government | Feudal Duchy | ||||||||||||
| Duke of Luxemburg | |||||||||||||
• 1353–1383 | Wenceslaus I (first) | ||||||||||||
• 1415–1419 | Elizabeth of Görlitz | ||||||||||||
• 1419–1425 | John the Fearless | ||||||||||||
• 1425–1443 | Elizabeth of Gorlitz (last) | ||||||||||||
• 1439–1482 | William III of Saxony (claimant) | ||||||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||||||
• Obtained by Sigfried | 963 | ||||||||||||
• Acquired by Luxembourg dynasty | 1059 | ||||||||||||
• Raised to county | 1214 | ||||||||||||
• Raised to duchy by the Emperor | 1354 | ||||||||||||
• Held by the Dukes of Burgundy | 1443 | ||||||||||||
• To Habsburg | 1482 | ||||||||||||
• Occupied by France | 1797 | ||||||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | LU | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| History of the Low Countries | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frisii | Belgae | |||||||
| Cana– nefates |
Chamavi, Tubantes |
Gallia Belgica (55 BC–c. 5th AD) Germania Inferior (83–c. 5th) | ||||||
| Salian Franks | Batavi | |||||||
| unpopulated (4th–c. 5th) |
Saxons | Salian Franks (4th–c. 5th) |
||||||
| Frisian Kingdom (c. 6th–734) |
Frankish Kingdom (481–843)—Carolingian Empire (800–843) | |||||||
| Austrasia (511–687) | ||||||||
| Middle Francia (843–855) | West Francia (843–) |
|||||||
| Kingdom of Lotharingia (855– 959) Duchy of Lower Lorraine (959–) |
||||||||
| Frisia | ||||||||
Frisian Freedom (11–16th century) |
County of Holland (880–1432) |
Bishopric of Utrecht (695–1456) |
Duchy of Brabant (1183–1430) Duchy of Guelders (1046–1543) |
County of Flanders (862–1384) |
County of Hainaut (1071–1432) County of Namur (981–1421) |
P.-Bish. of Liège (980–1794) |
Duchy of Luxem- bourg (1059–1443) | |
Burgundian Netherlands (1384–1482) |
||||||||
Habsburg Netherlands (1482–1795) (Seventeen Provinces after 1543) |
||||||||
Dutch Republic (1581–1795) |
Spanish Netherlands (1556–1714) |
|||||||
Austrian Netherlands (1714–1795) |
||||||||
United States of Belgium (1790) |
R. Liège (1789–'91) |
|||||||
Batavian Republic (1795–1806) Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810) |
associated with French First Republic (1795–1804) part of First French Empire (1804–1815) | |||||||
Princip. of the Netherlands (1813–1815) |
||||||||
| Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1830) | Gr D. L. (1815–) | |||||||
Kingdom of the Netherlands (1839–) |
Kingdom of Belgium (1830–) | |||||||
Gr D. of Luxem- bourg (1890–) | ||||||||
In 1443, the duchy passed to Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy of the French House of Valois, and, in 1477, by marriage to Archduke Maximilian I of Austria of the House of Habsburg. The Seventeen Provinces of the former Burgundian Netherlands were formed into an integral union by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549. In 1795, French revolutionaries ended this situation.