County of Apulia and Calabria
The County of Apulia and Calabria (Latin: Comitatus Apuliae et Calabriae), later the Duchy of Apulia and Calabria (Latin: Ducatus Apuliae et Calabriae), was a Norman state founded by William of Hauteville in 1043 composed of the territories of Gargano, Capitanata, Apulia, Vulture, and most of Campania. It became a duchy when Robert Guiscard was raised to the rank of duke by Pope Nicholas II in 1059.
County of Apulia and Calabria | |||||||||||||||||
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| 1043–1130 | |||||||||||||||||
| Motto: Servire Nescit (Latin) | |||||||||||||||||
The Duchy (in green) in the political context of Italy and the Balkans in 1084. | |||||||||||||||||
| Status | Vassal state of the Papacy | ||||||||||||||||
| Capital | Melfi (1043–1077) Salerno (1077–1130) | ||||||||||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism Greek Orthodoxy | ||||||||||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Normans (generally), Lombards, Apulians, Calabrians | ||||||||||||||||
| Government | Feudal monarchy | ||||||||||||||||
| Count/Duke | |||||||||||||||||
• 1043–1046 | William I | ||||||||||||||||
• 1059–1085 | Robert I | ||||||||||||||||
• 1085–1111 | Roger Borsa | ||||||||||||||||
• 1111–1127 | William II | ||||||||||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||||||||||
• Lombard lords elect William of Hauteville as Count | 1043 | ||||||||||||||||
• Emperor Henry III recognizes the County | 1047 | ||||||||||||||||
• Battle of Civitate; Pope Leo IX recognizes the County | 1053 | ||||||||||||||||
• Treaty of Melfi; the County becomes a Duchy | 1059 | ||||||||||||||||
• Norman conquest of Salerno | 1076 | ||||||||||||||||
• Death of the childless William II | 1127 | ||||||||||||||||
• Coronation of Roger; Duchy annexed to Sicily | 1130 | ||||||||||||||||
| Currency | Follis (common) | ||||||||||||||||
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| Today part of | Italy | ||||||||||||||||
The duchy was disestablished in 1130 when the last duke of Apulia and Calabria, Roger II, became King of Sicily. The title of duke was thereafter used intermittently as a title for the heir apparent to the Kingdom of Sicily.
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