Diazoxide

Diazoxide, sold under the brand name Proglycem and others, is a medication used to treat low blood sugar due to a number of specific causes. This includes islet cell tumors that cannot be removed and leucine sensitivity. It can also be used in refractory cases of sulfonylurea toxicity. It is generally taken by mouth.

Diazoxide
Clinical data
Trade namesProglycem, Balila
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
Routes of
administration		By mouth, intravenous
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • CA: ℞-only
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding90%
MetabolismLiver oxidation and sulfate conjugation
Elimination half-life21-45 hours
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • 7-Chloro-3-methyl-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.006.063
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC8H7ClN2O2S
Molar mass230.67 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point330 to 331 °C (626 to 628 °F)
SMILES
  • Clc1ccc2c(c1)S(=O)(=O)/N=C(\N2)C
  • InChI=1S/C8H7ClN2O2S/c1-5-10-7-3-2-6(9)4-8(7)14(12,13)11-5/h2-4H,1H3,(H,10,11) Y
  • Key:GDLBFKVLRPITMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  (verify)

Common side effects include high blood sugar, fluid retention, low blood platelets, a fast heart rate, increased hair growth, and nausea. Other severe side effects include pulmonary hypertension and heart failure. It is chemically similar to thiazide diuretics. It works by decreasing insulin release from the pancreas and increasing glucose release by the liver.

Diazoxide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1973. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication.

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