D-amino acid oxidase
D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO; also OXDA, DAMOX) is an enzyme with the function on a molecular level to oxidize D-amino acids to the corresponding α-keto acids, producing ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. This results in a number of physiological effects in various systems, most notably the brain. The enzyme is most active toward neutral D-amino acids, and not active toward acidic D-amino acids. One of its most important targets in mammals is D-Serine in the central nervous system. By targeting this and other D-amino acids in vertebrates, DAAO is important in detoxification. The role in microorganisms is slightly different, breaking down D-amino acids to generate energy.
| D-amino-acid oxidase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3D structure of DAAO from yeast (monomer) | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC no. | 1.4.3.3 | ||||||||
| CAS no. | 9000-88-8 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| D-amino-acid oxidase | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | DAO (DAAO) | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 1610 | ||||||
| HGNC | 2671 | ||||||
| OMIM | 124050 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NM_001917 | ||||||
| UniProt | P14920 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| EC number | 1.4.3.3 | ||||||
| Locus | Chr. 12 q24 | ||||||
| |||||||
DAAO is expressed in a wide range of species from yeasts to human. It is not present in plants or in bacteria which instead use D-amino acid dehydrogenase. DAAO in humans is a candidate susceptibility gene and together with G72 may play a role in the glutamatergic mechanisms of schizophrenia. DAAO also plays a role in both biotechnological and medical advancements. Risperidone and sodium benzoate are inhibitors of DAAO.
D-amino acid oxidase is different from diamine oxidase that are both sometimes referred to as DAO.