Crimean Khanate

Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak
*Taht-i Qırım ve Deşt-i Qıpçaq*
تخت قريم و دشت قپچاق (Crimean Tatar)
Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak Taht-i Qırım ve Deşt-i Qıpçaq; تخت قريم و دشت قپچاق (Crimean Tatar)
1441–1783
	Flag Coat of arms; (17th–18th century)
	The Crimean Khanate in 1502
Status	Khanate
Capital	Orda-i muazzam Kirkyir; Eski Qırım; Bağçasaray;
Common languages	Kipchak dialects (Old Crimean Tatar); Ottoman Turkish; Language of literature — Chagatai language;
Religion	Sunni Islam
Demonym(s)	Crimean
Government	Elective monarchy
Khan
• 1441–1466	Hacı I Giray (first)
• 1777–1783	Şahin Giray (last)
History
• Established	1441
• Annexation by the Russian Empire	1783
Currency	Akçe
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Golden Horde
	Principality of Theodoro
Russian Empire
Today part of	Moldova; Russia; Ukraine;

The Crimean Khanate self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441–1783, the longest-lived of the Turkic khanates that succeeded the empire of the Golden Horde. Established by Hacı I Giray in 1441, it was regarded as the direct heir to the Golden Horde and to Desht-i-Kipchak.

In 1783, violating the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (which had guaranteed non-interference of both Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the affairs of the Crimean Khanate), the Russian Empire annexed the khanate. Among the European powers, only France came out with an open protest against this act, due to the longstanding Franco-Ottoman alliance.

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