Couto Misto
Couto Misto (Portuguese: Couto Misto [ˈkotu ˈmiʃtu]; Galician: Couto Mixto; Spanish: Coto Mixto) was an independent microstate on the border between Spain and Portugal. It comprised the villages of Santiago de Rubiás, Rubiás (now in the Spanish municipality of Calvos de Randín), and Meaus (now in the Spanish municipality of Baltar), all in the Salas Valley, Ourense, Galicia. The territory of the Couto Misto also included a small uninhabited strip now part of the Portuguese municipality of Montalegre.
Couto Misto | |||||||||||
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| 10th century – 1868 | |||||||||||
Coat of arms
(unofficial) | |||||||||||
| Motto: "Tres Unum Sunt" (Latin) "Three are One" | |||||||||||
Map of the Couto Misto | |||||||||||
| Status | Microstate | ||||||||||
| Capital | Santiago de Rubiás 41°54′31″N 7°49′59″W | ||||||||||
| Common languages | Portuguese, Spanish, Galician | ||||||||||
| Religion | Roman Catholic | ||||||||||
| Government | Popular assembly | ||||||||||
| Judge | |||||||||||
• ca 1860 | Delfim Modesto Brandão1 | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
• Foundation | 10th century | ||||||||||
• Partitioned | September 29, 1864 | ||||||||||
• Formal annexation | June 23, 1868 | ||||||||||
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| Today part of |
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1Delfim Modesto Brandão (born in Tourém in 1835), was the second to last head of state, taking office in January 1863, according to his memoirs, and followed by one last "Juiz" whose mandate ceased with the partition and annexation of the territory. | |||||||||||
As a result of complex medieval manorial relations, this land eluded both Portuguese and Spanish control for centuries, actually operating as a sovereign state in its own right until the 1864 Treaty of Lisbon that partitioned the territory between Spain (which annexed most of the land including the three villages) and Portugal (which remained with a smaller uninhabited strip of land). As a de facto independent country, the inhabitants of the Couto Misto had many privileges, including exemption from military service and taxes, and could grant asylum to outsiders and deny access to any foreign military contingent.