Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)

The Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist) (abbr. CPC(M-L)) is a federal political party in Canada. It was founded in 1970 by Hardial Bains, a staunch Stalinist and anti-revisionist. The CPC(M-L) has been registered with Elections Canada as the Marxist–Leninist Party of Canada (MLPC) since 1974, as the party is prohibited from using the name "Communist Party of Canada" in Canadian elections to avoid confusion among voters. The party is not an offshoot of the Communist Party of Canada; its early membership came from student-led organizations active in the 1960s. After a period of alignment with Maoism and China, the CPC(M-L) pursued a Hoxhaist, pro-Albanian line until the early 1990s. At present, the party directs most of its public support to Cuba and North Korea.

Bains led the CPC(M-L) from its founding in 1970 until his death in 1997. Bains' widow Sandra L. Smith succeeded her late husband as First Secretary following his death. Elections Canada lists Anna Di Carlo as the head of the electorally-registered organization. None of the party's candidates have been elected. Since the 1970s, the party has had a larger electoral campaign presence than the CPC. It ran its largest number of candidates in 1980 when it nominated 177 candidates, contesting 63 percent of the country's electoral districts.

The party publishes an online newspaper named The Marxist–Leninist Monthly.