Communal conflicts in Nigeria

Communal conflicts in Nigeria
	; Map of the 36 States of Nigeria
Date	1998–present; (26 years)
Location	Nigeria
Status	Ongoing
Belligerents
Commanders and leaders
	Bola Tinubu ; (2023-present); Muhammadu Buhari ; (2015–23); Goodluck Jonathan ; (2010–15); Umaru Musa Yar'Adua ; (2007–10); Olusegun Obasanjo ; (1999–07); Bashir Salihi Magashi (2019–2023); Mansur Mohammed Dan Ali (2015–19); Aliyu Mohammed Gusau (2014–15); Olusola Obada (2012–13); Haliru Mohammed Bello (2011–12); Adetokunbo Kayode (2010–11); Godwin Abbe (2009–10); Shettima Mustapha (2008–09); Yayale Ahmed (2007–08); Thomas Aguiyi-Ironsi (2006–07); Rabiu Kwankwaso (2003–07); Theophilus Danjuma (1999–03)
Casualties and losses
	16,000+ people killed since 1998

Communal conflicts in Nigeria can be divided into two broad categories:

Ethno-religious conflicts, attributed to actors primarily divided by cultural, ethnic, or religious communities and identities, such as instances of religious violence between Christian and Muslim communities.
Herder–farmer conflicts, typically involving disputes over land and/or cattle between herders (in particular the Fulani and Hausa) and farmers (in particular the Adara, Berom, Tiv and Tarok).

The most impacted states are those of the Nigerian Middle Belt like Benue, Taraba and Plateau. Violence has reached two peaks in 2004 and 2011 with around 2,000 fatalities those years. It resulted in more than 700 fatalities in 2015 alone.

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