Dominica
Commonwealth of Dominica | |
|---|---|
| Motto: "Apres Bondie, C'est La Ter" (Dominican Creole French) "Post Deum terra est" (Latin) "After God is the earth" | |
| Anthem: "Isle of Beauty, Isle of Splendour" | |
Location of Dominica (circled in red) in the Western Hemisphere | |
| Capital and largest city | Roseau 15°18′N 61°23′W |
| Official languages | English |
| Vernacular languages | Dominican Creole French |
| Ethnic groups (2014) | |
| Religion (2020) |
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| Demonym(s) | Dominican (pronounced /ˌdɒmɪˈniːkən/) |
| Government | Unitary dominant-party parliamentary republic |
• President | Sylvanie Burton |
• Prime Minister | Roosevelt Skerrit |
• Speaker of the House of Assembly | Joseph Isaac |
| Legislature | House of Assembly of Dominica |
| Independence from the United Kingdom | |
• West Indies Associated States | 1 March 1967 |
• Sovereignty and constitution | 3 November 1978 |
| Area | |
• Total | 750 km2 (290 sq mi) (174th) |
• Water (%) | 1.6 |
| Population | |
• 2021 estimate | 72,412 (186th) |
• 2011 census | 72,000 |
• Density | 105/km2 (271.9/sq mi) (95th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2018 estimate |
• Total | $688 million |
• Per capita | $9,726 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2018 estimate |
• Total | $485 million |
• Per capita | $7,860 |
| HDI (2022) | 0.740 high (97th) |
| Currency | East Caribbean dollar (XCD) |
| Time zone | UTC–4 (AST) |
| Driving side | left |
| Calling code | +1-767 |
| Internet TLD | .dm |
Dominica (locally /ˌdɒmɪˈniːkə/ dom-in-EE-kə; UK: US: /ˌdɒmɪˈniːkə/ or /dəˈmɪnɪkə/ ⓘ; Dominican Creole French: Dominik; Kalinago: Waitukubuli), officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Caribbean. It is part of the Windward Islands chain in the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea. The capital, Roseau, is located on the western side of the island. Dominica's closest neighbours are two constituent territories of the European Union, the overseas departments of France, Guadeloupe to the northwest and Martinique to the south-southeast. Dominica comprises a land area of 750 km2 (290 sq mi), and the highest point is Morne Diablotins, at 1,447 m (4,747 ft) in elevation. The population was 71,293 at the 2011 census.
The island was settled by the Arawak arriving from South America in the fifth century. The Kalinago displaced the Arawak by the 15th century. Christopher Columbus is said to have passed the island on Sunday, 3 November 1493. It was later colonised by Europeans, predominantly by the French from the 1690s to 1763. The French imported enslaved people from West Africa to Dominica to work on coffee plantations. Great Britain took possession in 1763 after the Seven Years' War, and it gradually established English as its official language. The island gained independence as a republic in 1978.
Dominica has been nicknamed the "Nature Island of the Caribbean" for its natural environment. It is the youngest island in the Lesser Antilles, and in fact it is still being formed by geothermal-volcanic activity, as evidenced by the world's second-largest hot spring, called Boiling Lake. The island has lush mountainous rainforests and is the home of many rare plants, animals, and bird species. There are xeric areas in some of the western coastal regions, but heavy rainfall occurs inland. The Sisserou parrot, also known as the Imperial amazon, is critically endangered and found only on Dominica. It is the island's national bird and is featured on the national flag, making Dominica one of only two sovereign nations whose official flag features the color purple. The country is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States and the Non-Aligned Movement.