Commonwealth and Protectorate

The Commonwealth and Protectorate (1649-1660) refers to the kingless governments of England (including Wales and Cornwall), Scotland, Great Britain and Ireland during the Interregnum between the actual reigns of the Stuart King Charles I (1625-1649) and his son King Charles II (1660-1685).

See

• Commonwealth of England (under parliamentary rule, 1649-1653 and 1659-1660)

and

• The Protectorate (The Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, 1653-1659),
  under the Lords Protectors, first Oliver Cromwell (1653-1658) and then his son Richard Cromwell (1658-1659)