Clopidogrel

Clopidogrel, sold under the brand name Plavix among others, is an antiplatelet medication used to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke in those at high risk. It is also used together with aspirin in heart attacks and following the placement of a coronary artery stent (dual antiplatelet therapy). It is taken by mouth. Its effect starts about two hours after intake and lasts for five days.

Not to be confused with Clopidol.

Clopidogrel
Clinical data
Pronunciation/kləˈpɪdəɡrɛl, kloʊ-/
Trade namesPlavix, Iscover, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601040
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B1
Routes of
administration		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: WARNINGRx-only
  • EU: Rx-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability>50%
Protein binding94–98%
MetabolismLiver
Onset of action2 hours
Elimination half-life7–8 hours (inactive metabolite)
Duration of action5 days
Excretion50% Kidney
46% bile duct
Identifiers
  • (+)-(S)-methyl 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl)acetate
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
PDB ligand
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.127.841
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC16H16ClNO2S
Molar mass321.82 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
SMILES
  • COC(=O)[C@H](c1ccccc1Cl)N2CCc3c(ccs3)C2
  • InChI=1S/C16H16ClNO2S/c1-20-16(19)15(12-4-2-3-5-13(12)17)18-8-6-14-11(10-18)7-9-21-14/h2-5,7,9,15H,6,8,10H2,1H3/t15-/m0/s1 Y
  • Key:GKTWGGQPFAXNFI-HNNXBMFYSA-N Y
  (verify)

Common side effects include headache, nausea, easy bruising, itching, and heartburn. More severe side effects include bleeding and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. While there is no evidence of harm from use during pregnancy, such use has not been well studied. Clopidogrel is in the thienopyridine-class of antiplatelets. It works by irreversibly inhibiting a receptor called P2Y12 on platelets.

Clopidogrel was patented in 1982, and approved for medical use in 1997. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2021, it was the 37th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 16 million prescriptions. It is available as a generic medication.

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