Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

First Afghan Civil War
	Part of the Cold War, Revolutions of 1989, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, and Afghan conflict
	; Afghanistan in 1989, following the Soviet withdrawal
Date	15 February 1989 – 27 April 1992; (3 years, 2 months, 1 week and 5 days)
Location	Afghanistan (with some spillover into Pakistan)
Result	Interim Afghan Government victory Dissolution of the Republic of Afghanistan and the Homeland Party Government; The Peshawar Accord leads to the creation of the Islamic State of Afghanistan on 28 April 1992; Continued civil war among Mujahideen forces;
Belligerents
Republic of Afghanistan; Supported by:; Soviet Union (until 1991); Commonwealth of Independent States (from 1991) Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Russia (until January 1992); India	Afghan Interim Government: Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until July 1989); Jamiat-e Islami; National Islamic Front of Afghanistan; Ittehad-e Islami; Hezb-i Islami Khalis; Harakat-i Inqilab-i Islami; Khalq (1990); Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (from July 1989); Junbish-i Milli (from 1992) Foreign Mujahideen: Al Qaeda; Maktab al-Khidamat; Various factions also fought among each other; Supported by:; Pakistan United States Saudi Arabia United Kingdom China Germany Iran Israel
Commanders and leaders
Mohammad Najibullah ; Shahnawaz Tanai (until 1990) (attempted coup, fled Afghanistan); Nazar Mohammed (attempted coup, fled Afghanistan); Abdul Rashid Dostum (until 1991) (AWOL); Mohammad Aslam Watanjar ; Mohammad Nabi Azimi ; Nur ul-Haq Ulumi ; Abdul Jabar Qahraman ; General Barakzai †; Khushal Peroz; Ismatullah Muslim # ; Fazal Haq Khaliqyar; Makhmut Gareev	Ahmad Shah Massoud ; Burhanuddin Rabbani ; Ahmad Zia Massoud ; Din Mohammad Jurat ; Atta Muhammad Nur ; Abdullah Abdullah ; Naqib Alikozai ; Mohammed Fahim ; Ismail Khan ; Bibi Ayesha ; Saleh Registani ; Gulbuddin Hekmatyar ; Fazal Haq Mujahid; Benazir Bhutto; Abdullah Azzam † ; Osama bin Laden ; Ayman al-Zawahiri ; Mulavi Younas Khalis ; Amin Wardak ; Abdul Haq ; Haji Abdul Qadeer ; Jalaluddin Haqqani ; Abdul Rasul Sayyaf ; Mohammad Nabi ; Sibghatullah Mojaddedi ; Ahmed Gailani ; Abdul Rahim Wardak ; Muhammad Asif Muhsini ; Abdul Ali Mazari Shahnawaz Tanai (from 1990); Abdul Rashid Dostum (from 1992)
Strength
Afghan Army: 150,000 (1990); Afghan Air Force:; 20,000 (1989) National Guard: Presidential Guard: 10,000 (1989); All forces under the control of the Republic Of Afghanistan: Around 515,000 (1990), including paramilitary Sarandoy, and KHAD Militia forces: up to 170,000 (1991)	Mujahadeen: Unknown ; Pakistan: 5,000
Casualties and losses
	14,864 killed (per UCDP)

The 1989–1992 Afghan Civil War, also known as the First Afghan Civil War, took place between the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan and the end of the Soviet–Afghan War on 15 February 1989 until 27 April 1992, ending the day after the proclamation of the Peshawar Accords proclaiming a new interim Afghan government which was supposed to start serving on 28 April 1992.

Mujahideen groups, some of them more or less united as part of the "Afghan Interim Government", in the years 1989–1992 proclaimed as their conviction that they were battling the hostile "puppet regime" of the Republic of Afghanistan in Kabul. In March 1989, the "Afghan Interim Government" in cooperation with the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) attacked the city of Jalalabad but they were defeated by June in what is now known as the Battle of Jalalabad. Hekmatyar's Hezbi Islami would pull their support for the Afghan Interim Government following the loss in Jalalabad.

In March 1991, a mujahideen coalition quickly conquered the city of Khost. In March 1992, having lost the last remnants of Soviet support, President Mohammad Najibullah agreed to step aside and make way for a mujahideen coalition government. One mujahideen group, Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin, refused to confer and discuss a coalition government under the Pakistani sponsored Peshawar Peace Accords and invaded Kabul with the help of Khalqist Generals. This triggered a civil war, starting on 25 April 1992, between initially three, but within weeks five or six mujahideen groups or armies.

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