Chaitén (volcano)
Chaitén is a volcanic caldera 3 kilometres (2 mi) in diameter, 17 kilometres (11 mi) west of the elongated ice-capped Michinmahuida volcano and 10 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of the town of Chaitén, near the Gulf of Corcovado in southern Chile. The most recent eruptive phase of the volcano erupted on 2008. Originally, radiocarbon dating of older tephra from the volcano suggested that its last previous eruption was in 7420 BC ± 75 years. However, recent studies have found that the volcano is more active than thought. According to the Global Volcanism Program, its last eruption was in 2011.
| Chaitén | |
|---|---|
2003 photograph from the International Space Station. The caldera is the circular feature visible in the lower part of the image. The town of Chaitén is to the top. (This image is aligned roughly southwest, around 220°.) | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,122 m (3,681 ft) |
| Coordinates | 42°50′14″S 72°38′53″W |
| Geography | |
Chaitén Location of Chaitén in Chile | |
| Location | 10 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of Chaitén, Palena Province, Los Lagos Region, Chile |
| Parent range | Andes |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Caldera |
| Volcanic belt | South Volcanic Zone |
| Last eruption | 2008 to 2011 |
The caldera rim reaches 1,122 metres (3,681 ft) above sea level. Before the current eruption, it was mostly filled by a rhyolite obsidian lava dome that reached a height of 962 metres (3,156 ft), partly devoid of vegetation. Two small lakes occupied the caldera floor on the west and north sides of the lava dome.
The translucent grey obsidian which had erupted from the volcano was used by pre-Columbian cultures as a raw material for artifacts and has been found as far away as 400 kilometres (250 mi) to the south and north, for example in Chan-Chan.