Central Subway (San Francisco)

The Central Subway is a Muni Metro light rail tunnel in San Francisco, California, United States. It runs between Chinatown station in Chinatown and a portal in South of Market (SoMa), with intermediate stops at Union Square/Market Street station in Union Square and Yerba Buena/Moscone station in SoMa. A surface portion runs through SoMa to connect to the previously existing T Third Street line at 4th and King station.

Central Subway
A test train at Union Square/Market Street in November 2022
Overview
Other name(s)Third Street Light Rail Project Phase 2
Line
T Third Street
LocationSan Francisco, California
SystemMuni Metro
Start4th Street portal 37.7799°N 122.3985°W / 37.7799; -122.3985
EndChinatown
No. of stations3 (plus 1 surface as part of extension project)
Operation
Work begun2012
OpenedNovember 19, 2022 (2022-11-19) (weekend-only shuttle service)
January 7, 2023 (2023-01-07) (full service)
OwnerSan Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency
OperatorSan Francisco Municipal Railway
CharacterLight rail
Technical
Line length1.7 mi (2.74 km)
No. of tracks2
Track gauge4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
ElectrifiedOverhead line, 600 V DC
Route map
Central Subway highlighted in red
provision for future extension
Chinatown
Powell–Mason
& Powell–Hyde
California Street
Union Square/​Market Street
Powell
 
Yerba Buena/​Moscone
4th and Brannan
4th and King
to Sunnydale

The project was initiated after the Embarcadero Freeway was torn down following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, as activist Rose Pak "almost single-handedly persuaded the city to build" the Central Subway to compensate Chinatown for the loss of the fast cross-town connection. Originally set to open in late 2018, the subway initially opened with a weekend-only shuttle service between Chinatown station and 4th and Brannan station on November 19, 2022. Full service as part of the T Third Street line began on January 7, 2023. With the addition of the Central Subway, the T Third Street line is projected to become Muni Metro's highest ridership line by 2030.

The budget to complete the Central Subway was $1.578 billion. The project was funded primarily through the Federal Transit Administration’s New Starts program. In October 2012, the FTA approved a Full Funding Grant Agreement, the federal commitment of funding through New Starts, for the Central Subway for a total amount of $942.2 million. The Central Subway was also funded by the State of California, the Metropolitan Transportation Commission, the San Francisco County Transportation Authority and the City and County of San Francisco.

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