Carolingian G

The Carolingian G or French G is the evolved classical form of the letter G that was in use in most Middle English alphabets. The other form scholars and writers familiar with Celtic Britain generally knew and could use, and in the furthest places in Britain away from England exclusively used domestically, was the insular (or Irish) G, which could bear a well-understood extra phonetic sense, when writing of the local people, places and language. Unlike the vowel u and consonants which could appear ambiguous such as s, it had no special rules as to choice of letter in Middle English orthography.

The form is named for the Carolingian minuscule script, an exemplar of its use and which features in papal manuscripts.