Carbamazepine
Carbamazepine, sold under the brand name Tegretol among others, is an anticonvulsant medication used in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. It is used as an adjunctive treatment in schizophrenia along with other medications and as a second-line agent in bipolar disorder. Carbamazepine appears to work as well as phenytoin and valproate for focal and generalized seizures. It is not effective for absence or myoclonic seizures.
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Trade names | Tegretol, others |
Other names | CBZ |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682237 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Anticonvulsant |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | ~100% |
Protein binding | 70–80% |
Metabolism | Liver (CYP3A4) |
Metabolites | Active epoxide form (carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide) |
Elimination half-life | 36 hours (single dose), 16–24 hours (repeated dosing) |
Excretion | Urine (72%), feces (28%) |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.512 |
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Formula | C15H12N2O |
Molar mass | 236.274 g·mol−1 |
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Carbamazepine was discovered in 1953 by Swiss chemist Walter Schindler. It was first marketed in 1962. It is available as a generic medication. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2020, it was the 185th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.