Calcium carbide
Calcium carbide, also known as calcium acetylide, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of CaC2. Its main use industrially is in the production of acetylene and calcium cyanamide.
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
Calcium acetylide | |
| Systematic IUPAC name
Calcium ethynediide | |
| Other names
Calcium percarbide Calcium carbide Calcium dicarbide | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.772 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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SMILES
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| Properties | |
| CaC2 | |
| Molar mass | 64.099 g/mol |
| Appearance | White powder to grey/black crystals |
| Density | 2.22 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 2,160 °C (3,920 °F; 2,430 K) |
| Boiling point | 2,300 °C (4,170 °F; 2,570 K) |
| Reacts to produce Acetylene | |
| Structure | |
| Tetragonal (I phase) Monoclinic (II phase) Monoclinic (III phase) | |
Space group |
I4/mmm (I phase) C2/c (II phase) C2/m (III phase) |
| 6 | |
| Thermochemistry | |
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
70 J·mol−1·K−1 |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−63 kJ·mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards |
Reacts with water to release acetylene gas |
| GHS labelling: | |
| Danger | |
| H260 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) |
1
4
2 W |
| 305 °C (581 °F; 578 K) (acetylene) | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |
The pure material is colorless, while pieces of technical-grade calcium carbide are grey or brown and consist of about 80–85% of CaC2 (the rest is CaO (calcium oxide), Ca3P2 (calcium phosphide), CaS (calcium sulfide), Ca3N2 (calcium nitride), SiC (silicon carbide), etc.). In the presence of trace moisture, technical-grade calcium carbide emits an unpleasant odor reminiscent of garlic.
Applications of calcium carbide include manufacture of acetylene gas, generation of acetylene in carbide lamps, manufacture of chemicals for fertilizer, and steelmaking.
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